sub new {
   return bless {_heap => [undef,], _heap_size => 0}, shift;
}

sub getParent {
   my $self = shift;
   my $child_pos = shift;

   my $parent_pos = int($child_pos * 0.5) || 1;
   return $self->{_heap}->[$parent_pos], $parent_pos;
}

sub getMinKid {
   my $self = shift;
   my $parent_pos = shift;

   my $child_pos = $parent_pos * 2;
   return undef if $child_pos >= scalar @{$self->{_heap}};

   my $min_child = $self->{_heap}->[$child_pos];
   if (defined $self->{_heap}->[$child_pos + 1] && $self->{_heap}->[$child_pos + 1] < $min_child) {      $child_pos += 1;      $min_child = $self->{_heap}->[$child_pos];
   }
   return $min_child, $child_pos;
}

sub extract_top {
   my $self = shift;
   my $top_pos = shift || 1;

   my ($new_top, $new_top_pos) = $self->getMinKid($top_pos);
   if (!defined $new_top) {
     return splice @{$self->{_heap}}, $top_pos, 1;
   }

   my $prev_top = $self->{_heap}->[$top_pos];
   $self->{_heap}->[$top_pos] = $self->extract_top($new_top_pos);
   $self->{_heap_size}--;

   return $prev_top;
}

sub insert {
   my $self = shift;
   my $child = shift;

   $self->{_heap_size}++;
   $self->{_heap}->[$self->{_heap_size}] = $child;

   my $child_pos = $self->{_heap_size};
   my ($parent, $parent_pos) = $self->getParent($child_pos);
   while ($parent > $child) {
     $self->{_heap}->[$parent_pos] = $child;
     $self->{_heap}->[$child_pos] = $parent;
     $child_pos = $parent_pos;

     ($parent, $parent_pos) = $self->getParent($child_pos);
   }